Ciao-users

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948 discussions

Download error corrected
by Manuel Carro 17 May '02

17 May '02

Dear Ciao Prolog users, some of you reported errors when trying to download Ciao Prolog 1.8. The problem has been corrected, and it should work now. Thank you very much for your interest --- and sorry about the inconvenience! Best regards, MCL & the Ciao Prolog development team. -- +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Manuel Carro -- Facultad de Informática -- U. Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) | | Email: mcarro(a)fi.upm.es --- Ph: +34-91336-7455 --- FAX: +34-91336-7412 | |http://lml.ls.fi.upm.es/~boris --- http://clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/Ciao|

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Ciao Prolog Version 1.8 just released!
by MCL 16 May '02

16 May '02

Dear Ciao Prolog users, Version 1.8 patch 0 of Ciao Prolog has just been released. It is available in the usual place, http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/Ciao Some small (but relevant) changes have been introduced since our last announcement: a prolog_flag to retrieve the Ciao Prolog version, a bug which caused the Windows version to break when trying to access WWW pages was corrected, and a (long) filename was changed to allow compilation on newer versions of Mac OS X. Thanks to all those who sent us comments and bug reports. We include, again, the summarized changelog for this version. Best regards, Manuel Carro, Daniel Cabeza & the rest of the Ciao Prolog crew. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- *Version 1.8 (2002/5/16, 21:20:27 CEST)* * Improvements related to supported platforms: * Support for Mac OS X 10.1, based on the Darwin kernel. * Initial support for compilation on Linux for Power PC (contributed by _Paulo Moura_). * Workaround for incorrect C compilation while using newer (> 2.95) gcc compilers. * .bat files generated in Windows. * Changes in compiler behavior and user interface: * Corrected a bug which caused wrong code generation in some cases. * Changed execution of initialization directives. Now the initialization of a module/file never runs before the initializations of the modules from which the module/file imports (excluding circular dependences). * The engine is more intelligent when looking for an engine to execute bytecode; this caters for a variety of situations when setting explicitly the CIAOLIB environment variable. * Fixed bugs in the toplevel: behaviour of `module:main' calls and initialization of a module (now happens after related modules are loaded). * Layout char not needed any more to end Prolog files. * Syntax errors now disable .itf creation, so that they show next time the code is used without change. * Redefinition warnings now issued only when an unqualified call is seen. * Context menu in Windows can now load a file into the toplevel. * Updated Windows installation in order to run CGI executables under Windows: a new information item is added to the registry. * Added new directories found in recent Linux distributions to INFOPATH. * Emacs-based environment and debugger improved: * Errors located immediately after code loading. * Improved ciao-check-types-modes (preprocessor progress now visible). * Fixed loading regions repeatedly (no more predicate redefinition warnings). * Added entries in `ciaopp' menu to set verbosity of output. * Fixed some additional XEmacs compatibility issues (related to searches). * Errors reported by inferior processes are now explored in forward order (i.e., the first error reported is the first one highlighted). Improved tracking of errors. * Specific tool bar now available, with icons for main functions (works from Emacs 21.1 on). Also, other minor adaptations for working with Emacs 21.1 and later. * Debugger faces are now locally defined (and better customization). This also improves compatibility with XEmacs (which has different faces). * Direct access to a common use of the preprocessor (checking modes/types and locating errors) from tool-bar. * Inferior modes for Ciao and CiaoPP improved: contextual help turned on by default. * Fixes to set-query. Also, previous query now appears in prompt. * Improved behaviour of stored query. * Improved behaviour of recentering, finding errors, etc. * Wait for prompt has better termination characteristics. * Added new interactive entry points (M-x): ciao, prolog, ciaopp. * Better tracking of last inferior buffer used. * Miscellaneous bugs removed; some colors changed to adapt to different Emacs versions. * Fixed some remaining incompatibilities with XEmacs. * `:- doc' now also supported and highlighted. * Eliminated need for calendar.el * Added some missing library directives to fontlock list, organized this better. * New libraries added to the system: * hiord: new library which needs to be loaded in order to use higher-order call/N and P(X) syntax. Improved model for predicate abstractions. * fuzzy: allows representing fuzzy information in the form or Prolog rules. * use_url: allows loading a module remotely by using a WWW address of the module source code * andorra: alternative search method where goals which become deterministic at run time are executed before others. * iterative deepening (id): alternative search method which makes a depth-first search until a predetermined depth is reached. Complete but in general cheaper than breadth first. * det_hook: allows making actions when a deterministic situation is reached. * ProVRML: read VRML code and translate it into Prolog terms, and the other way around. * io_alias_redirection: change where stdin/stdout/stderr point to from within Ciao Prolog programs. * tcl_tk: an interface to Tcl/Tk programs. * tcl_tk_obj: object-based interface to Tcl/Tk graphical objects. * CiaoPP: options to interface with the CiaoPP Prolog preprocessor. * Some libraries greatly improved: * WebDB: utilities to create WWW-based database interfaces. * Improved Java interface implementation (this forced renaming some interface primitives). * User-transparent persistent predicate database revamped: * Implemented passerta_fact/1 (asserta_fact/1). * Now it is never necessary to explicitly call init_persdb, a call to initialize_db is only needed after dynamically defining facts of persistent_dir/2. Thus, pcurrent_fact/1 predicate eliminated. * Facts of persistent predicates included in the program code are now included in the persistent database when it is created. They are ignored in successive executions. * Files where persistent predicates reside are now created inside a directory named as the module where the persistent predicates are defined, and are named as F_A* for predicate F/A. * Now there are two packages: persdb and 'persdb/ll' (for low level). In the first, the standard builtins asserta_fact/1, assertz_fact/1, and retract_fact/1 are replaced by new versions which handle persistent data predicates, behaving as usual for normal data predicates. In the second package, predicates with names starting with 'p' are defined, so that there is not overhead in calling the standard builtins. * Needed declarations for persistent_dir/2 are now included in the packages. * SQL now works with mysql. * system: expanded to contain more predicates which act as interface to the underlying system / operating system. * Other libraries improved: * xref: creates cross-references among Prolog files. * concurrency: new predicates to create new concurrent predicates on-the-fly. * sockets: bugs corrected. * objects: concurrent facts now properly recognized. * fast read/write: bugs corrected. * Added 'webbased' protocol for active modules: publication of active module address can now be made through WWW. * Predicates in library(dynmods) moved to library(compiler). * Expansion and meta predicates improved. * Pretty printing. * Assertion processing. * Module-qualified function calls expansion improved. * Module expansion calls goal expansion even at runtime. * Updates to builtins (there are a few more; these are the most relevant): * Added a prolog_flag to retrieve the version and patch. * current_predicate/1 in library(dynamic) now enumerates non-engine modules, prolog_sys:current_predicate/2 no longer exists. * exec/* bug fixed. * srandom/1 bug fixed. * Updates for C interface: * Fixed bugs in already existing code. * Added support for creation and traversing of Prolog data structures from C predicates. * Added support for raising Prolog exceptions from C predicates. * Preliminary support for calling Prolog from C. * Miscellaneous updates: * Installation made more robust. * Some pending documentation added. * 'ciao' script now adds (locally) to path the place where it has been installed, so that other programs can be located without being explicitly in the $PATH. * Loading programs is somewhat faster now. * Some improvement in printing path names in Windows. -- +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Manuel Carro, PhD. --- C.S. School -- Technical University of Madrid (UPM)| | Email: mcarro(a)fi.upm.es --- Ph: +34-91336-7455 --- FAX: +34-91336-7412 | |http://lml.ls.fi.upm.es/~boris --- http://clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/Ciao|

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ciao version,
by Nicos Angelopoulos 13 May '02

13 May '02

does anybody know if there is a way to get a handle on the current version within ciao ? most other prologs use prolog_flag( version, V ). (equivelant to current_prolog_flag/2, or prolog_flag/3) regards Nicos.

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Re: Welcome to ciao-users
by Thomas De Contes 07 May '02

07 May '02

hello how to compile ciao under mac os x ?

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Ciao Prolog: final version 1.7 before 1.8
by Manuel Carro 06 May '02

06 May '02

Dear Ciao Prolog users, we have put in the Ciao Prolog web site http://clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/Ciao the version 1.7, patch 212 of Ciao Prolog. We expect this version to be the last one before the next stable version (1.8) is released. We would like, however, to catch as many bugs and to identify as many problems as possible before releasing a stable distribution. We plan to maintain 1.7p212 in the web site for some time (about one week, depending on how people reacts), so that anybody can download and test it. If you hesitate to download because you'd rather wait for 1.8, please note that only important bugs will be corrected between 1.7p212 and 1.8, so it may be very well that the differences between 1.7p212 and 1.8 are really minor, if any. On the other hand, downloading now can help everybody to have a better 1.8 if any problem arises, and it will not hurt otherwise. Please find below a list of improvements from version 1.6. Note that many of them have already made their way into intermediate versions. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Improvements related to supported platforms: * Support for Mac OS X 10.1, based on the Darwin kernel. * Initial support for compilation on Linux for Power PC (contributed by Paulo Moura). * Workaround for incorrect C compilation while using newer (> 2.95) gcc compilers. * .bat files generated in Windows. * Changes in compiler behavior and user interface: * Changed execution of initialization directives. Now the initialization of a module/file never runs before the initializations of the modules from which the module/file imports (excluding circular dependences). * The engine is more intelligent when looking for an engine to execute bytecode; this caters for a variety of situations when the CIAOLIB environment variable has been set. * Fixed bugs in the toplevel: behavior of module:main calls and initialization of a module (now happens after related modules are loaded). * Layout char not needed any more to end Prolog files. * Syntax errors now disable .itf creation, so that they show next time the code is used without change. * Redefinition warnings now issued only when an unqualified call is seen. * Context menu in Windows can now load a file into the toplevel. * Updated Windows installation in order to run CGI executables under Windows: a new information item is added to the registry. * Added new directories found in recent Linux distributions to INFOPATH. * Emacs-based environment and debugger improved: * Errors reported by inferior processes are now explored in forward order (i.e., the first error reported is the first one highlighted). Improved tracking of errors. * Specific tool bar now available, with icons for main functions (works from emacs 21.1 on). Also, other minor adaptations for working with emacs 21.1 and later. * Debugger faces are now locally defined (and better customization). This also improves compatibility with xemacs (which has different faces). * Direct access to preprocessor (checking modes/types and locating errors) from toolbar. * Inferior modes for Ciao and CiaoPP improved: contextual help turned on by default. * Fixes to set-query. Also, previous query now appears in prompt. * Improved behavior of stored query. * Improved behavior of recentering, finding errors, etc. * Wait for prompt has better termination characteristics. * Added new interactive entry points (M-x): ciao, prolog, ciaopp. * Better tracking of last inferior buffer used. * Miscellaneous bugs removed; some colors changed to adapt to different Emacs versions. * Fixed some remaining incompatibilities with xemacs. * :- doc now also supported and highlighted. * Eliminated need for calendar.el * Added some missing library directives to fontlock list, organized this better. * New libraries added to the system: * hiord: now needs to be loaded in order to use higher-order call/N and P(X) syntax. Improved model for predicate abstractions. * fuzzy: allows representing fuzzy information in the form or Prolog rules. * use_url: allows loading a module remotely by using a WWW address of the module source code * andorra: alternative search method where goals which become deterministic at run time are executed before others. * iterative deepening (id): alternative search method which makes a depth-first search until a predetermined depth is reached. Complete but in general cheaper than breadth first. * det_hook: allows making actions when a deterministic situation is reached. * ProVRML: read VRML code and translate it into Prolog terms, and the other way around. * io_alias_redirection: change where stdin/stdout/stderr point to from within Ciao Prolog programs. * tcl_tk: an interface to Tcl/Tk programs. * tcl_tk_obj: object-based interface to Tcl/Tk graphical objects. * CiaoPP: options to interface with the CiaoPP Prolog preprocessor. * Some libraries greatly improved: * WebDB: utilities to create WWW-based database interfaces. * Improved java interface implementation (this forced renaming some interface primitives). * User-transparent persistent predicate database revamped: * Implemented passerta_fact/1 (asserta_fact/1). * Now it is never necessary to explicitly call init_persdb, a call to initialize_db is only needed after dynamically defining facts of persistent_dir/2. Thus, pcurrent_fact/1 predicate eliminated. * Facts of persistent predicates included in the program code are now included in the persistent database when it is created. They are ignored in successive executions. * Files where persistent predicates reside are now created inside a directory named as the module where the persistent predicates are defined, and are named as F_A* for predicate F/A. * Now there are two packages: persdb and 'persdb/ll' (for low level). In the first, the standard builtins asserta_fact/1, assertz_fact/1, and retract_fact/1 are replaced by new versions which handle persistent data predicates, behaving as usual for normal data predicates. In the second package, predicates with names starting with 'p' are defined, so that there is not overhead in calling the standard builtins. * Needed declarations for persistent_dir/2 are now included in the packages. * SQL version now works with mysql. * system: expanded to contain more predicates which act as interface to the underlying system / operating system. * Other libraries improved: * xref: creates cross-references among Prolog files. * concurrency: new predicates to create new concurrent predicates on-the-fly. * sockets: bugs corrected. * objects: concurrent facts now properly recognized. * fast read/write: bugs corrected. * Added 'webbased' protocol for active modules: publication of active module address can now be made through WWW. * Predicates in library(dynmods) moved to library(compiler). * Expansion and meta predicates improved. * Pretty printing. * Assertion processing. * Module-qualified function calls expansion improved. * Module expansion calls goal expansion even at runtime. * Updates to builtins (there are a few more; these are the most relevant): * current_predicate/1 in library(dynamic) now enumerates non-engine modules, prolog_sys:current_predicate/2 no longer exists. * exec/* bug fixed. * srandom/1 bug fixed. * Updates for C interface: * Fixed bugs in already existing code. * Added support for creation and traversing of Prolog data structures from C predicates. * Added support for raising Prolog exceptions from C predicates. * Preliminary support for calling Prolog from C. * Miscellaneous updates: * Installation made more robust. * Some pending documentation added. * 'ciao' script now adds (locally) to path the place where it has been installed, so that other programs can be located without being explicitly in the $PATH. * Loading programs is somewhat faster now. * Some improvement in printing path names in Windows. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Best regards, Manuel Carro & the Ciao Prolog team -- +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Manuel Carro -- Facultad de Informática -- U. Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) | | Email: mcarro(a)fi.upm.es --- Ph: +34-91336-7455 --- FAX: +34-91336-7412 | |http://lml.ls.fi.upm.es/~boris --- http://clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/Ciao|

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Re-Re: Ciao-Prolog and Agents
by Jane Loans 03 May '02

03 May '02

Thanks by the help. But, it gives me the impression of the fact that the active modules are not active, but "passive", since: - Therefore I have proven, an active module can't have a predicate "main/0" or "main/1" (and if it has, not serves to him as nothing because upon starting the active module, the the "main" predicate is not executed). - All the agents (active modules) on started are listening on its port to the arrival of some message. - Because the two previous reasons, I must to have a single agent that make the paper of "initiador", the one which can have defined the predicate "main". This initiator passes a message to the "agentI", later on the "agentI" calls to the "agentJ", and so on. What mean with this, is that IN ALL MOMENT CAN HAVE 1 COMMUNICATION (AMONG 2 AGENTS); IT'S IMPOSSIBLE THAT, FOR EXAMPLE, THEY HAPPEN THESE 3 COMMUNICATIONS SIMULTANEOUSLY: agent1-------->agent5 agent3<--------agent12 agent9<--------agent7 I am in what is certain? Something else: Could I use the Module Qualification instead of the Higher Order? That is to say, to use send(I, Message, Receiver) :- Receiver:receive(Message, I). instead of send(I, Message, Receiver) :- Receiver(Message, I). Finally, you said me that you probed the code that I sent (with you modifications). Could you give me the source code (the ".pl" files) that you have proven? __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Games - play chess, backgammon, pool and more http://games.yahoo.com/

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Problem compiling ciao-1.7p194 on latest Cygwin
by Steve Kelem 02 May '02

02 May '02

I'm trying to compiler ciao-1.7p194 on the latest Cygwin on Windows 2000. Most of it compiles, but it has trouble when trying to compile the ciao standalone compiler: Here's the relevant portion of the make output: *** --------------------------------------------------------- *** Compiling ciao standalone compiler *** (this may take a while and is silent; please be patient) *** --------------------------------------------------------- cd ciaoc && make compiler make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/ciao/ciao-1.7p194/ciaoc' cp -f ciaoc /usr/local/src/Ciao/ciao-1.7p194/ciaoc/ciaoc.sta CIAOENGINE=/usr/local/src/Ciao/ciao-1.7p194/bin/Win32i86/ciaoengine CIAOLIB=/usr/local/src/Ciao/ciao-1.7p194 CIAOROOT=/usr/local/src/Ciao/ciao-1.7p194 /usr/local/src/Ciao/ciao-1.7p194/ciaoc/ciaoc.sta -s -x ciaoc ERROR: File library(compiler/header) not found - aborting... CIAOENGINE=/usr/local/src/Ciao/ciao-1.7p194/bin/Win32i86/ciaoengine CIAOLIB=/usr/local/src/Ciao/ciao-1.7p194 CIAOROOT=/usr/local/src/Ciao/ciao-1.7p194 /usr/local/src/Ciao/ciao-1.7p194/ciaoc/ciaoc -s -x gen_asr {ERROR: segmentation violation} {ERROR: segmentation violation} {ERROR: segmentation violation} {ERROR: segmentation violation} {ERROR: segmentation violation} {ERROR: segmentation violation} % gcc --version 2.95.3-5 Any idea what's wrong? Thanks for your help, Steve Kelem

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Problem installing precompiled ciao-1.7p194Win32
by Steve Kelem 02 May '02

02 May '02

I'm trying to install ciao-1.7p194Win32 on Windows 2000. I downloaded and unzipped the file and clicked on "install.bat". The installation window reports: /c/Program Files/Ciao/ciao-1.7p194Win32 G:\c\Program Files\Ciao\ciao-1.7p194Win32 % chdir in working_directory/2: No such file or directory {Program ended with failure} Popup: Registry Editor: Cannot import ciao.reg: Error opening the file. THere may be a disk or file system error. I installed the files on /c, but for some unknown reason, the script tries to write to G:\c, which is the wrong disk. WINNT is on G:, but C: has available disk space, which is why I chose to install on C:. Any ideas about what's wrong? I hope this helps, Steve Kelem

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Re: Delete numbers of a atom of four numbers
by Manuel Carro 24 Apr '02

24 Apr '02

>> If I have a atom of four numbers, for example, '2002', How I can delete >> the first and the second numbers, for obtain, in the previous example, >> '02'?. I have a database of bibliographic records, compound of facts, >> with the date in format dd/mm/yy, and I need compare the system year >> with the year of the records in database. But the predicates get_time/2 >> and convert_time/8, provide the year of the sistem date with four >> numbers. For this, I want convert the year format in four numbers, to >> format in two numbers (the two last numbers of the system year). ?- atom_codes('2002', [_,_|_L]), atom_codes(Result, _L). Result = '02' ? In any case, a bibliographical database with only two digits for the year does seem to make much sense. Books have been published for centuries. MCL ________________________________________________________________ [...] put Windows back into its place as an overpriced Nintendo.

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Re: Ciao-Prolog and Agents
by Francisco Bueno Carrillo 22 Apr '02

22 Apr '02

Dear Jane, It is quite easy to turn Ciao active modules into agents for the kind of application you mention. Active modules are run independently and communicate through messages. Of course, execution is non deterministic, too. Ciao also runs in several platforms (including Win32 and Unix), so you will find your application easily portable. The Prolog code you send as receipt guard is basically all you need. Here is a slightly modified version that we have been running here without problem: case(shutdown, _) :- !, halt. case(add(NumList), Sender) :- sum_list(NumList, Sum), send(Sender, sum(Sum)), !. case(_, _). We have taken out message give_me_your_id and variable I, since we have assumed that the agent Id and I are the same thing, and we have used the module name as such an Id, which is convenient when using active modules. Thus, you identify an agent by the name of the corresponding active module. This is done transparently by the module "send" below, which implements the send/2 predicate. We have also assumed that any agent might want to call any other, and that the number of agents is known in advance. Given this, it is convenient to use an auxiliary module that will take care of agent communication. It will look like: :- module(send,[send/2],[actmods,hiord]). :- use_module(library('actmods/webbased_locate')). :- use_active_module(agent1, [agent1/2]). :- use_active_module(agent2, [agent2/2]). ... :- use_active_module(agentN, [agentN/2]). :- meta_predicate send(?,addmodule). send(Sender, Message, I) :- Sender(I, Message). Basically, you need this module to declare the agents in your application: agent1, agent2, ... We have used as communication protocol the "webbased" one, but you could use any of the others. With "webbased" you will need to have a process acting as name server. Given the above, your agents will look like: :- module(agent1,[agent1/2]). :- use_module(send). agent1(Sender, Msg) :- case(Msg, Sender). ... code for case/2 ... and all you have to do is to compile them as active modules: ciaoc -a actmods/webbased_publish agent1 We have been able to run such an application at our site. Your problems might be caused by the name server (if you're using the Ciao distribution right away, the name server is supposed to be run at our site, and we are not currently running any). You will need to set up an appropriate name server at your site. We can help you with this if you have problems (you are probably right that the documentation is not very clear in this point). It is not clear to us from what you say: >> and when the agent end of executing the instruction >> underway, agent attends the arrival of the message >> (is as an asynchronous event that triggers the >> attention of the agent). whether you want agents to attend several messages at the time or not. It is possible to do it using threads. With the above code, however, agents process only one message at a time (and they are enqueued waiting for the agent to be idle). Paco Bueno & the Ciao team

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